{"id":7742,"date":"2020-07-28T09:38:03","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T06:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesmuziejus.lt\/?page_id=7742"},"modified":"2020-07-28T13:22:49","modified_gmt":"2020-07-28T10:22:49","slug":"sveksnos-zydu-bendruomene","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesmuziejus.lt\/en\/sveksnos-zydu-bendruomene\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160v\u0117k\u0161na Jewish Community"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7742\" class=\"elementor elementor-7742\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee39251 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee39251\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-45805df\" data-id=\"45805df\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b13bb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b13bb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>1644 m. \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos dvaro inventoriuje pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 minimas \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje gyven\u0119s \u017eydas vardu Elijas. 1695 m. tarp 700 miestelio gyventoj\u0173 jau gyveno apie 100 \u017eyd\u0173, o 1897 m. \u017eydai sudar\u0117 daugiau nei pus\u0119 vis\u0173 gyventoj\u0173. Taigi, XVIII a. pr. \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje jau egzistavo \u017eyd\u0173 bendruomen\u0117, o \u0160v\u0117k\u0161na tapo gausiai \u017eyd\u0173 gyvenamu \u0161tetlu. Kaip ir kituose \u0161tetluose, \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje \u017eydai gyveno miestelio centre (aplink Liep\u0173 aik\u0161t\u0119, Maciejausko (buvusi \u017dyd\u0173 g.), Gedminai\u010di\u0173 bei Dariaus ir Gir\u0117no (buvusi Miku\u017eio) gatv\u0117se iki pat Au\u0161ros gatv\u0117s). Lietuviai paprastai gyveno miestelio pakra\u0161\u010diuose.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7745 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.silutesmuziejus.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Sinago0g-300x170.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"376\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.silutesmuziejus.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Sinago0g-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/www.silutesmuziejus.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Sinago0g.png 338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" \/>Sinagogos da\u017eniausiai b\u016bdavo statomos miest\u0173 gilumoje, o centrin\u0117je dalyje dominuodavo katalik\u0173 ba\u017eny\u010dia ar caro laikais pastatyta cerkv\u0117, labai retai \u0161alia j\u0173 buvo ir sinagoga. \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje \u017eyd\u0173 maldos namai stovi centrin\u0117je Liep\u0173 aik\u0161t\u0117je. Pirmoji \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos sinagoga buvo pastatyta XVIII a. prad\u017eioje, o apie 1880\u20131885 m., kuomet \u017eyd\u0173 bendruomen\u0117 \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje gausiai padid\u0117jo, buvo pastatyta dar viena nauja medin\u0117 sinagoga.<\/p><p>1925 m. beveik vis\u0105 \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos miestel\u012f sunaikino gaisras. Dauguma miestelio nam\u0173 buvo mediniai, dengti \u0161iaudiniais stogais ar malksnomis. Sudeg\u0117 apie 300 pastat\u0173. Be pastog\u0117s liko apie 80 lietuvi\u0173 ir 100 \u017eyd\u0173 \u0161eim\u0173 (i\u0161 viso 808 \u017emon\u0117s). Po gaisro \u012fsik\u016br\u0117 du padeg\u0117li\u0173 \u0161elpimo komitetai \u2013 katalik\u0173 ir \u017eyd\u0173, aukos buvo renkamos visoje Lietuvoje ir u\u017e jos rib\u0173. Sudeg\u0117 ir dvi medin\u0117s sinagogos, dviej\u0173 pakop\u0173 stogais, i\u0161 kuri\u0173 viena buvo \u017eiemin\u0117, \u0161ildoma (ma\u017eesnioji), o kita vasarin\u0117 (didesnioji), tur\u0117jusios pereinam\u0173j\u0173 bruo\u017e\u0173 i\u0161 baroko \u012f klasicizm\u0105. 1926 m. in\u017einierius L. Prosinskis suprojektavo nauj\u0105, m\u016brin\u0119, maur\u0173 architekt\u016bros bruo\u017e\u0173 turin\u010di\u0105 sinagog\u0105. 1928 m. sinagoga buvo pastatyta pagal visus sinagogoms keliamus reikalavimus: \u017eema, vientiso t\u016brio, sta\u010diakampio plano.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Pastato fasad\u0105 puo\u0161\u0117 dekoratyv\u016bs trumpi ir ploni piliastrai, arkini\u0173 lang\u0173 vir\u0161\u0173 \u012fr\u0117mino maur\u0173 architekt\u016brai b\u016bdingi karpyto kont\u016bro archivoltai. Visas pastato sienas anks\u010diau puo\u0161\u0117 Dovydo \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s. \u017dyd\u0173 vyrai ir moterys, kad nebla\u0161kyt\u0173 vieni kit\u0173 d\u0117mesio, meld\u0117si atskirai. Vyrai \u012f mald\u0173 sal\u0119 patekdavo i\u0161 \u0161iaurinio fasado pus\u0117s, moterys \u012feidavo pro vakarin\u012f \u012f\u0117jim\u0105 ir i\u0161kart pakildavo laiptais auk\u0161tyn, kur joms buvo skirta atskira balkono tipo patalpa.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Dauguma \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos \u017eyd\u0173 vert\u0117si prekyba ir amatais, nuomojosi mal\u016bnus, smukles ar net \u016bkius. \u017dyd\u0173 prekyba daugiausiai koncentravosi Liep\u0173 aik\u0161t\u0117je arba turgaviet\u0117je, kur s\u0105lygos j\u0173 verslui buvo palankiausios. 1925 m. duomenimis, i\u0161 33 registruot\u0173 \u017eyd\u0173 prekybos ir pramon\u0117s \u012fstaig\u0173 net 18 buvo Liep\u0173 aik\u0161t\u0117je bei turgaviet\u0117je. Miestelio centre stov\u0117jo ilgas pastatas, vadintas \u201ekromais\u201c, kuriame po vienu stogu prekiavo \u017eydai. 1925 m. \u0161is pastatas sudeg\u0117, ta\u010diau buvo atstatytas tos pa\u010dios paskirties m\u016brinis pastatas.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Miestelyje veik\u0117 \u017eyd\u0173 mokyklos, \u017eyd\u0173 moksleiviai taip pat mok\u0117si ir \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos \u201eSaul\u0117s\u201c gimnazijoje. Prie sinagogos veik\u0117 chederis \u2013 pradin\u0117 religin\u0117 mokykla berniukams nuo 5-eri\u0173 met\u0173, kur jauniausieji mok\u0117si skaityti maldas, vyresni studijavo Tor\u0105, o vyriausieji \u2013 Talmud\u0105.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Prie\u0161 II pasaulin\u012f kar\u0105 \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos \u017eydai sudar\u0117 didel\u0119 miestelio gyventoj\u0173 daugum\u0105 \u2013 j\u0173 \u010dia gyveno vir\u0161 400. Vokie\u010di\u0173 okupacijos metais \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos miestelio \u017eyd\u0173 bendruomen\u0117 buvo visi\u0161kai sunaikinta. I\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 miestelio \u017eydai buvo suvaryti \u012f atskir\u0105 kvartal\u0105 \u2013 get\u0105, kurio riba \u0117jo Siaurosios, \u017dyd\u0173 (dabartin\u0117s J. Maciejausko) ir Liep\u0173 aik\u0161t\u0117s gatv\u0117mis, aptvertomis spygliuota viela. V\u0117liau vyrai buvo atrinkti ir i\u0161ve\u017eti \u012f \u0160ilut\u0117je \u012fkurtas darbo stovyklas (1943 m. vasar\u0105 \u0161ios darbo stovyklos buvo likviduotos, o likusieji i\u0161ve\u017eti \u012f Au\u0161vico koncentracijos stovykl\u0105), lik\u0119 \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos gete \u017eydai buvo su\u0161audyti 1941 m. rugs\u0117jo 20 d., 6 km nuo \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos, Parube\u017eio mi\u0161ke netoli Inkakli\u0173.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b575dbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b575dbd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9fea2a\" data-id=\"f9fea2a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04300c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"04300c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1644 m. \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos dvaro inventoriuje pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 minimas \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje gyven\u0119s \u017eydas vardu Elijas. 1695 m. tarp 700 miestelio gyventoj\u0173 jau gyveno apie 100 \u017eyd\u0173, o 1897 m. \u017eydai sudar\u0117 daugiau nei pus\u0119 vis\u0173 gyventoj\u0173. Taigi, XVIII a. pr. \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje jau egzistavo \u017eyd\u0173 bendruomen\u0117, o \u0160v\u0117k\u0161na tapo gausiai \u017eyd\u0173 gyvenamu \u0161tetlu. Kaip ir kituose \u0161tetluose, \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos \u017eyd\u0173 bendruomen\u0117 &#8211; \u0160ilut\u0117s Hugo \u0160ojaus muziejus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"1644 m. \u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos dvaro inventoriuje pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 minimas \u0160v\u0117k\u0161noje gyven\u0119s \u017eydas vardu Elijas. 1695 m. tarp 700 miestelio gyventoj\u0173 jau gyveno apie 100 \u017eyd\u0173, o 1897 m. \u017eydai sudar\u0117 daugiau nei pus\u0119 vis\u0173 gyventoj\u0173.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesmuziejus.lt\/en\/sveksnos-zydu-bendruomene\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0160v\u0117k\u0161nos \u017eyd\u0173 bendruomen\u0117 &#8211; 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